ANALISIS PERFORMA SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP ON-GRID PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Abstract

Grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic systems are increasingly installed in residential buildings, yet measured field performance data for the West Aceh region remain limited. This study evaluated the actual performance of such systems and identified the factors that reduce it. A descriptive-evaluative quantitative approach was applied through field measurements at 15 purposively selected households with installed capacities of 900 to 4,000 watt-peak, conducted from January to June 2024. Performance ratio, yield factor, system efficiency, and loss breakdown were calculated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The average performance ratio was 78.3 percent (range 69.1 to 87.4 percent) and the average yield factor was 4.1 kWh per kWp per day. The actual module efficiency averaged 15.2 percent, below the nominal value of 17.8 percent. The largest losses came from dust on the panel surface (8.2 percent), cable and inverter losses (7.1 percent), and module mismatch (6.4 percent). Irradiance was very strongly and positively correlated with power output (r = 0.94), whereas panel temperature was strongly and negatively correlated with efficiency (r = -0.87). The systems met 62 to 85 percent of household electricity demand with a payback period of 7 to 9 years. System performance is fairly good and can be improved through regular panel cleaning and better installation quality.