ANALISIS PERFORMA SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ATAP PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI ACEH BARAT

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the actual performance of rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems installed on residential buildings in West Aceh Regency in 2024. West Aceh possesses high solar energy potential, with an average irradiance ranging from 4.5 to 5.2 kWh/m²/day; however, empirical evaluations of household-scale systems remain limited. The methodology employed a quantitative descriptive-evaluative field survey across 15 residential units operating rooftop PV systems with capacities between 900 Wp and 4,000 Wp. Parameters measured included open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$), short-circuit current ($I_{sc}$), peak power ($P_{max}$), solar irradiance, and panel surface temperature. Results indicated an average Performance Ratio (PR) of 78.3% and a Yield Factor of 4.1 kWh/kWp/day. The actual module conversion efficiency averaged 15.2%, falling below the nominal rating of 17.8%. The primary factors contributing to performance loss were dust accumulation (dust loss of 8.2%), wiring and inverter losses (7.1%), and inter-module mismatch (6.4%). Overall, rooftop PV systems successfully met 62–85% of residential electricity demand, with an estimated payback period of 7 to 9 years.