TINJAUAN LITERATURE ARTROPODA PENGGANGGU KESEHATAN DAN DAMPAK INFEKSI NYAMUK, KUTU, DAN TUNGAU PADA MANUSIA

Abstract

Arthropods constitute the largest animal phylum with a significant role in public health, functioning as both direct ectoparasites and biological vectors for pathogens. This study aims to identify health-disrupting arthropod groups and analyze the impacts of infection and disease transmission caused by mosquitoes, lice, and mites in humans. The methodology employs a literature review approach, synthesizing data from reputable scientific journals and health reports. Data were obtained from six articles published between 2023 and 2026 discussing various aspects of vector-borne health issues. The analysis reveals that mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex) act as primary vectors for deadly diseases such as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), malaria, filariasis, and Zika. Meanwhile, lice (Pediculus, Cimex, Xenopsylla) cause dermatological issues through direct infestation and transmit serious diseases like plague and epidemic typhus. Additionally, mites (Sarcoptes scabiei and Dermatophagoides) trigger clinical manifestations including scabies and severe respiratory allergic reactions, such as rhinitis and asthma, due to house dust allergen exposure. In conclusion, health disruptions caused by these three arthropod groups lower the quality of life and pose serious epidemiological threats. Therefore, understanding clinical manifestations and integrated vector management is crucial to reducing human morbidity.